Some 51 percent of business executives say the U.S. economy is either already in recession or will be by the new year, according to the fourth-quarter AICPA & CIMA Economic Outlook Survey. The survey polls chief executive officers, chief financial officers, controllers and other certified public accountants in U.S. companies who hold executive and senior management accounting roles.

Only 12 percent of business executives expressed optimism in the U.S. economy over the next 12 months, the lowest level since the throes of the Great Recession in early 2009. That compares to 18 percent last quarter and 41 percent a year ago. Inflation, rising interest rates and high energy costs were cited as key reasons for pessimism in the outlook.

One major overhang for finance teams in recent quarters is uncertainty. One-in-four survey takers say their organizations have increased their rounds of forecasting compared to what they were doing during the pandemic economy. Roughly another third say they are continuing a stepped-up level of forecasting from that time.

Beyond the frequency of forecasting, more than 1-in-4 business executives say forecasting has become significantly more complex over the past year, with another 37 percent saying it became slightly more complex. Key factors are uncertainty surrounding pricing issues, supply chain reliability, labor costs and shifting consumer demand.

“We saw record increases in the frequency of forecasting and projections during the pandemic and that trend is clearly continuing amid uncertainty over inflation, supply chain integrity and recession risk,” said Tom Hood, CPA, CITP, CGMA, the AICPA & CIMA’s Executive Vice President For Business Engagement and Growth. “We expect this pace to stay strong as companies work on their cash flow through the next few quarters.”

Key pressure points for CFOs as they grapple with heavier workloads, Hood noted, are finance team staffing and digital transformation of finance work streams.

The AICPA survey is a forward-looking indicator that tracks hiring and business-related expectations for the next 12 months. In comparison, the U.S. Department of Labor’s November employment report, scheduled for release tomorrow, looks back on the previous month’s hiring trends.

Other key findings of the survey:

• On hiring, 34 percent of business executives said their organizations are looking to fill roles immediately, the same as last quarter, while another 17 percent said they had too few employees but are hesitant to hire. Eight percent said they had too many employees, an uptick from 5 percent last quarter.
• Profit expectations for the next 12 months dipped into negative territory (-0.2 percent decline), down from zero anticipated growth last quarter. Revenue growth projections also fell from 2.6 percent to 2.1 percent, quarter over quarter.
• Business executives’ optimism about their own organizations’ prospects over the next 12 months dropped another six points from 41 percent to only 35 percent
• Forty-five percent of business executives said their companies had increased their cash position in the past 12 months, with 14 percent saying they had raised cash on hand substantially.
• U.S. business executives’ outlook on the global economy over the next 12 months also fell, from 9 percent last quarter to 7 percent.
• Inflation was the top concern of business executives for the fifth straight quarter. Other top challenges included “Employee and Benefit Costs” and “Availability of Skilled Personnel.”
• The percentage of business executives who said their companies plan to expand fell three points from 49 percent to 47 percent, quarter over quarter.